Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Waves from 3G Mobile Phones on Oxidative Stress in Fetal Rats

This study aimed to determine the effects of electromagnetic radiation from thirdgeneration technology mobile phones on the incidence of oxidative stress in fetal rats. Exposure to radiation of mobile phones began after the rats had acclimatized for a week and begun copulation. The study consisted of control (no radiation from a mobile phone), treatment 1 (second-generation technology, standby mode), treatment 2 (second-generation technology, active mode), treatment 3 (thirdgeneration technology, standby mode), and treatment 4 (third-generation technology, active mode), and the exposure continued until after birth. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver and brain of the fetus and the level of ROS in liver of the mother were measured using a solution of nitro blue tetrazolium and N,N-dimethylformamide. Liver histology preparations were made for morphometric measurements using histological morphometry. The data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA and Tukey test, and a significance level of 5%. The results showed that exposure to electromagnetic waves from mobile phones in treatment 4 negatively affected the fetus in the form of increased levels of ROS in the liver and brain, as well as altered morphology in the liver.