Potential of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED)-derived Secretome Gel in the Wound Healing Process Post Tooth Extraction

Tooth extraction is a process of removing teeth from the alveolar process. The tooth extraction process always causes tissue damage, both hard tissue and soft tissue. Based on the results of Basic Health Research in 2018, the prevalence of tooth extraction in Indonesia reached 2.9%. Tooth socket wounds that are exposed to the oral environment allow the entry of pathogenic microorganisms which can cause alveolar osteitis, oroantral fistula and bacteremia. Apart from that, socket wounds after tooth extraction cause discomfort in the sufferer's oral cavity. Wounds resulting from tooth extraction often cause pain and interfere with eating activities. Spongostan is effective in healing wounds after tooth extraction and is often used in dentistry. Spongostan has several weaknesses, including the fact that it can cause hematomas, foreign body allergic reactions, extensive fibrosis, and toxic shock syndrome. To determine the potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (shed)-derived secretome gel in the wound healing process after tooth extraction. The secretome has potential for angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, wound healing, anti-fibrotic and antimicrobial and tissue regeneration. The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells is known to contain various cytokines and growth factors. The stem cell secretome has low stability and retention in tissue so it needs to be combined with biomaterials to overcome the low tissue retention of the secretome and controlled release of bioactive materials for tissue healing. The combination of primary tooth stem cell secretome based on Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) gel as a carrier medium containing anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors is expected to act as an immunomodulator which can improve the wound healing process after tooth extraction at the inflammation, proliferation and regeneration/remodeling stages. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (shed)-derived secretome gel has the potential to accelarate the wound healing process after tooth extraction.