"The Effect of Avocado Seed for Socket Healing after Tooth Extraction on Diabetic Condition (In Silico and In Vivo Research)"

Approximately 2.5% of patients with diabetic complications are experiencing delayed post- extraction healing. In this context, avocado seed (Persea americana Mill) content of catechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidine, and quinic acid compounds can reduce inflammation and increase wound healing after tooth extraction. Therefore, this research aims to explore and provide groundbreaking insights into the potential use of avocado seed compounds as natural therapeutic agents for enhancing post-extraction socket healing, particularly in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients experiencing delayed healing. In silico analysis is carried out to predict molecular interactions and therapeutic mechanisms with in vivo experimental models for validation, establishing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of avocado seed on healing pathways. Meanwhile, in vivo research examined the expression of TNF, RUNX2, and RANKL on tooth socket tissue of mice using the SPSS Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). Catechin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidine, and quinic acid from an avocado seed are analysed through in silico research using molecular docking. The results showed that there were significant differences in the expression of TNF-α, RUNX2, and RANKL between the control and treatment groups. This is attributed to the compounds in avocado seed, which report binding affinity with receptors in each stage of the inflammation process. According to in silico results, quinic acid reports the highest binding affinity with TNF-α, targeting anti-inflammatory activity. Procyanidin and chlorogenic acid show strong binding with RUNX2 and RANKL, targeting the stimulation of proliferation and remodeling processes, respectively.